Pseudo-bulbar affect (PBA) and Homeopathy Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1 Etymology…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2 Definition……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2 Signs and symptoms……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 Pathophysiology…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 Neurochemistry………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 Serotonin……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 Glutamate…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 Diagnosis…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 Essential criteria……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 Supportive criteria…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 Differential diagnosis…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 Depression and PBA…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 Bipolar disorders…